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Conference Paper

A Statistical Method for Near Real-Time Deforestation Monitoring using Time Series of Sentinel-1 Images

Authors: Bottani Marta, Ferro-Famil Laurent, Mermoz Stéphane, Doblas Juan, Bouvet Alexandre and Koleck Thierry

In Proc. IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Athens, Greece, July 7-12, 2024.

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In this paper, we propose an unsupervised statistical approach for near real-time monitoring of forest loss, leveraging Bayesian inference. We address the identification of forest loss as a change-point detection problem within non-filtered Sentinel-1 single polarization time series data. Each new observation contributes to the probability of deforestation occurrence, utilizing prior knowledge and a data model. Our method offers the advantage of detecting small-scale deforestation without resorting to spatial filtering techniques, thus preserving the native spatial resolution of the Sentinel-1 measurements. To assess its effectiveness, we conducted comparative evaluations against existing operational deforestation monitoring systems. The validation campaign revealed that our method exhibits enhanced detection performance with low false alarm rates with respect to existing systems across diverse landscapes, including dense forest regions such as the Brazilian Amazon, as well as seasonality-dependent areas like the Cerrado, which is strongly under-monitored by existing technology. This robustness stems from the sequential adaptive process inherent in our approach, which enables effective monitoring even in the presence of backscatter variations.

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Signal and image processing / Earth observation

Talk

Robust Multi Sensor Fusion for State Estimation

Authors: Medina Daniel, Vilà-Valls Jordi, Chauchat Paul, Chaumette Eric, Labsir Samy, Closas Pau, Li Haoqing and Bellés Andrea

Seminar of TeSA, Toulouse, July 5, 2024.

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Signal and image processing / Localization and navigation

Conference Paper

Novel Bayesian Approach Based on Infinite State Markov Chains for Prompt Detection of Forest Loss Using Sentinel-1 Time Series

Authors: Bottani Marta, Ferro-Famil Laurent, Doblas Juan, Mermoz Stéphane, Bouvet Alexandre and Koleck Thierry

In Proc. ESA Dragon Symposium, Lisbon, Portugal, June 24-28, 2024.

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Forest loss is a global issue that requires real-time surveillance to prevent further vegetation loss. This study presents an unsupervised SAR-based technique that leverages Bayesian inference and infinite state Markov chains to identify forest loss, overcoming the limitations of current methods. Our approach significantly improves accuracy and reduces false alarm rates compared to existing Near Real-Time (NRT) forest loss monitoring systems and enlarges the conditions of operability.

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Signal and image processing / Earth observation

Exploiting Redundant Measurements for Time Scale Generation in a Swarm of Nanosatellites

Authors: Mc Phee Hamish Scott, Tourneret Jean-Yves, Valat David, Delporte Jérôme, Gregoire Yoan and Paimblanc Philippe

In Proc. European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF), Neufchâtel, Switzerland, June 25-27, 2024.

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The computation of a common reference time for a swarm of nanosatellites is restricted by the quality and availability of the timing measurements made with inter-satellite links. The presence of anomalies or absence of communication links is demonstrated to harm the stability of the time scale. The Least Squares (LS) estimator is introduced as a method of preprocessing measurement noise by using all available clock comparisons in the swarm. This estimator also provides filtered measurements when inter-satellite links are missing as long as each satellite maintains at least one link with another. Anomaly detection and removing corrupted satellite links are shown to be compatible with the LS estimator to mitigate the impact of anomalous measurements. When a satellite becomes completely isolated for some period of time, a correction at the beginning and the end of the isolation period are both detailed. The correction is simple and just requires resetting the weights of missing clocks and clocks being reintroduced. Continuity is shown to be maintained when a large portion of clocks are removed and later reintroduced at the same time.

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Signal and image processing / Localization and navigation

Exploiting Redundant Measurements for Time Scale Generation in a Swarm of Nanosatellites

Authors: Mc Phee Hamish Scott, Tourneret Jean-Yves, Valat David, Delporte Jérôme, Gregoire Yoan and Paimblanc Philippe

In Proc. European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF), Neufchâtel, Switzerland, June 25-27, 2024.

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Signal and image processing / Localization and navigation

Talk

High Precision Satellite-based Navigation

Author: Medina Daniel

Seminar of TeSA, Toulouse, June 14, 2024.

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Signal and image processing / Localization and navigation

Conference Paper

Division Réseau Equitable dans les Essaims de Nanosatellites

Authors: Akopyan Evelyne, Dhaou Riadh, Lochin Emmanuel, Pontet Bernard and Sombrin Jacques B.

In Proc. 9èmes Rencontres Francophones sur la Conception de Protocoles, l'Evaluation de Performance et l'Expérimentation des Réseaux de Communication (AlgoTel-CoRes), Saint-Briac-sur-Mer, France, May 27-31, 2024.

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Nous proposons de partitionner l’architecture d’un réseau ad-hoc mobile en plusieurs groupes, afin de re-distribuer équitablement la charge entre les membres du réseau. Notre étude porte sur un essaim de nanosatellites fonctionnant commue un télélescope spatial distribué, placé en orbite lunaire. Chaque nanosatellite de l’essaim collecte des données d’observation de l’espace, puis les échange avec les autres membres de l’essaim. Les données recueillies sont ensuite combinées localement afin de produire l’image globale observée par l’essaim. Cependant, un système fondé sur ce mode opératoire est particulièrement sensible aux pertes de paquets et aux pannes d’énergie. En effet, la transmission simultanée d’un important volume de données peut entraîner des problèmes de communication, notamment en surchargeant le canal radio ou en augmentant le risque de collisions, menant dans les deux cas à des pertes de paquets. La consommation énergétique totale de l’essaim est également proportionnelle au nombre de paquets transmis : il faut alors trouver une solution pour limiter le nombre de transmissions afin d’économiser l’énergie des nanosatellites. La principale contribution de ce papier est de proposer une approche basée sur la division équitable du réseau en plusieurs groupes de nanosatellites. Nous comparons les performances de trois algorithmes de division de graphe : Random Node Division (RND), Multiple Independent Random Walks (MIRW), et Forest Fire Division (FFD). Nos résultats montrent que MIRW obtient les meilleurs scores en termes d’équité, peu importe le nombre de groupes produit.

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Networking / Space communication systems

Division réseau équitable dans les essaims de nanosatellites

Authors: Akopyan Evelyne, Dhaou Riadh, Lochin Emmanuel, Pontet Bernard and Sombrin Jacques B.

In Proc. 26èmes Rencontres Francophones sur les Aspects Algorithmiques des Téléommunications (AlgoTel-CoRes), Saint-Briac-sur-Mer, France, May 27-31, 2024.

Nous proposons de partitionner l’architecture d’un réseau ad-hoc mobile en plusieurs groupes, afin de re-distribuer équitablement la charge entre les membres du réseau. Notre étude porte sur un essaim de nanosatellites fonctionnant comme un télescope spatial distribué, placé en orbite lunaire. Chaque nanosatellite de l’essaim collecte des données d’observation de l’espace, puis les échange avec les autres membres de l’essaim. Les données recueillies sont ensuite combinées localement afin de produire l’image globale observée par l’essaim. Cependant, un système fondé sur ce mode opératoire est particulièrement sensible aux pertes de paquets et aux pannes d’énergie. En effet, la transmission simultanée d’un important volume de données peut entraîner des problèmes de communication, notamment en surchargeant le canal radio ou en augmentant le risque de collisions, menant dans les deux cas `a des pertes de paquets. La consommation énergétique totale de l’essaim est également proportionnelle au nombre de paquets transmis : il faut alors trouver une solution pour limiter le nombre de transmissions afin d’économiser l’énergie des nanosatellites. La principale contribution de ce papier est de proposer une approche basée sur la division équitable du réseau en plusieurs groupes de nanosatellites. Nous comparons les performances de trois algorithmes de division de graphe : Random Node Division (RND), Multiple Independent Random Walks (MIRW), et Forest Fire Division (FFD). Nos résultats montrent que MIRW obtient les meilleurs scores en termes d’équité, peu importe le nombre de groupes produit.

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Networking / Space communication systems

Scalable Syndrome-based Neural Decoders for Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulations

Authors: De Boni Rovella Gastón, Benammar Meryem, Benaddi Tarik and Meric Hugo

In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning for Communication and Networking (ICMLCN 2024), pp. 341-346, Stockholm, Sweden, May 5-8, 2024.

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In this work, we introduce a framework that enables the use of Syndrome-Based Neural Decoders (SBND) for highorder Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulations (BICM). To this end, we extend the previous results on SBND, for which the validity is limited to Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK), by means of a theoretical channel modeling of the bit Log-Likelihood Ratio (bit-LLR) induced outputs.We implement the proposed SBND system for two polar codes (64, 32) and (128, 64), using a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and a Transformer-based architecture. Both implementations are compared in Bit Error Rate (BER) performance and computational complexity.

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Digital communications / Space communication systems and Other

On the Optimality of Support Vector Machines for Channel Decoding

Authors: De Boni Rovella Gastón, Benammar Meryem, Meric Hugo and Benaddi Tarik

In Proc. European Conference on Networks and Communications(EuCNC/6G Summit), pp. 463-468, Antwerp, Belgium, June 3-6, 2024.

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In this work, we investigate the construction of channel decoders based on machine learning solutions, and more specifically, Support Vector Machines (SVM). The channel decoding problem being a high-dimensional multiclass classification problem, previous attempts were made in the literature to construct SVM-based channel decoders. However, existing solutions suffer from a dimensionality curse, both in the number of SVMs involved –which are exponential in the block length–and in the training dataset size. In this work, we revisit SVMbased channel decoders by alleviating these limitations and prove that the suggested SVM construction can achieve optimal Bit Error Probability (BEP) by attaining the performance of the bit-Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) decoder in the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel.

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Digital communications / Space communication systems and Other

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