This research modified the best approach of the state of art for cardiac motion estimation in 2-D ultrasound images. The motion estimation problem is composed of three terms, the data fidelity term, the spatial smoothness constraint, and regularization for the dictionary. We study the implications of using a convolutional dictionary instead of the standard dictionary. We evaluate the method in terms of motion estimation accuracy and strain errors and compare the performance with state of art algorithms. The results show that the proposed method is comparable with the current state of art method.

Satellite transmissions can suffer from high channel impairments, especially on the link between a satellite and a mobile end user. To cope with these errors, physical and link layer reliability schemes have been introduced at the price of an increased end-to-end delay seen by the transport layer (e.g. TCP). By default, TCP enables Delayed Acknowledgment (DelAck), that might increase the end-to-end delay when performing over satellite link-layer recovery schemes. As a matter of fact, even if this option enables to decrease the feedback path load and the stack processing overhead, it might be counterproductive in a satellite context. This motivates the present paper that aims at quantifying the impact of such TCP option in the context of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations. We perform several simulation measurements with two well-deployed TCP variants and show that DelAck should be disabled when used over link-layer HARQ schemes particularly when these schemes enable reordering buffer.

Random Access (RA) protocols have considerably evolved in satellite communications, especially after the introduction of Contention Resolution Diversity Slotted Aloha (CRDSA). However, CRDSA finds itself in a deadlock when the number of users is important. A complementary treatment Multireplica Decoding using Correlation based Localization (MARSALA) has hence been proposed to unlock CRDSA. This is fulfilled by localizing then combining replicas of the same undecoded packets using correlations. Based on a prior knowledge of the potential frame content by the receiver, a random Shared POsition Technique for Interfered random Transmissions (SPOTiT) is proposed to reduce MARSALA’s localization complexity. As a matter of fact, random SPOTiT highlights a manner for the receiver to be aware of time slot positions and the preamble used by each subscriber. Then it uses this information to target a lower number of slots for localization correlations. In this paper we propose a hybrid solution that mixes both DAMA and Random Access in order to lower the Packet Loss Ratio (PLR) floor. In fact, a centralized computing can manage replicas positions and preambles to use, in a way that no loops are created. This also allows to keep a simple packet localization as in SPOTiT. Hereafter, we provide an optimal distribution of frame content using two replicas per packet which is evaluated through simulation.

Reducing the Time To First Fix (TTFF) and improving the resilience of future Galileo signals are two important characteristics, especially when considering urban environments. To reach these goals, we studied two new advanced techniques based on the co-design of the message structure and the channel coding scheme. The first technique proposes a reduction of time needed to retrieve the data by reinforcing the parity check matrix structure constraints. The second technique provides an enhancement of the retrieved data error rate in parallel to a reduction of the time needed to retrieve the data thanks to a new co-design requirement based on a family of codes inspired from the rate-compatible root LDPC codes. The results obtained are promising, since the time to retrieve the data (and thus the TTFF) is significantly reduced, while keeping a good level of demodulation performance.

One of the main issues in using a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellation to extend a Low-Powered Wide Area Network is the frequency synchronization. Using a link based on random access solves this concern, but also prevents delivery guarantees, and implies less predictable performance. This paper concerns the estimation of Bit Error Rate (BER) and Packet Error Rate (PER) using physical layer abstractions under a time and frequency random scheme, namely Time and Frequency Aloha. We first derive a BER calculation for noncoded QPSK transmission with one collision. Then, we use the 3GPP LTE NB-IoT coding scheme. We analyze the interference that could be induced by repetition coding scheme and propose an efficient summation to improve the decoder performance. Finally, to estimate a PER for any collided scenario, we propose a physical layer abstraction, which relies on an equivalent Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) calculation based on Mutual Information.

Les modulations à phase continue (CPMs) sont des methodes de modulations robuste à la non-cohérence du canal de propagation. Dans un context spatial, les CPM sont utilisées dans la chaîne de transmission de télémesure de la fusée. Depuis les années 70, la modulation la plus usitée dans les systèmes de télémesures est la modulation CPFSK continuous phase frequency shift keying filtrée. Historiquement, ce type de modulation est concaténée avec un code Reed-Solomon (RS) afin d’améliorer le processus de décodage. Côté récepteur, les séquences CPM non-cohérentes sont démodulées par un détecteur Viterbi à sortie dure et un décodeur RS. Néanmoins, le gain du code RS n’est pas aussi satisfaisant que des techniques de codage moderne capables d’atteindre la limite de Shannon. Actualiser la chaîne de communication avec des codes atteignant la limite de Shannon tels que les codes en graphe creux, implique de remanier l’architecture du récepteur usuel pour un détecteur à sortie souple. Ainsi, on propose dans cette étude d’ élaborer un détecteur treillis à sortie souple pour démoduler les séquences CPM non-ohérentes. Dans un deuxième temps, on concevra des schémas de pré-codages améliorant le comportement asymptotique du récepteur non-cohérent et dans une dernière étape on élabora des codes de parité à faible densité (LDPC) approchant la limite de Shannon.